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Embedded Systems

 Introduction to Embedded Systems

WHAT IS AN EMBEDDED SYSTEM?

An embedded system is an electronic/electro-mechanical system designed to perform a specific function and is a combination of both hardware and firmware(software).

Difference between embedded and general purpose computing system

Embedded System

  • A system which is a combination of special purpose hardware and embedded OS for executing a specific set of applications.
  • May or may not contain an operating system for functioning.
  • The firmware of the embedded system is pre-programmed and it is non alterable by the end-user (There may be exceptions for systems supporting OS kernel image flashing through special hardware settings).
  • Application-specific requirements (like performance, power requirements, memory usage, etc.) are the key deciding factors.
  • Highly tailored to take advantage of the power saving modes supported by the hardware and the operating system.
  • For certain category of embedded systems like mission critical systems, the response time requirement is highly critical.
  • Execution behaviour is deterministic for certain types of embedded systems like 'Hard Real Time' systems.

General Purpose Computing System

  • A system which is a combination of a generic hardware and a General Purpose Operating System for executing a variety of applications.
  • Contains a General Purpose Operating System (GPOS).
  • Applications are alterable (programmable) by the user (It is possible for the end user to re-install the operating system, and also add or remove user applications).
  • Performance is the key deciding factor in the selection of the system. Always, 'Faster is Better'.
  • Less/not at all tailored towards reduced operating power requirements, options for different levels of power management.
  • Response requirements are not time-critical.
  • Need not be deterministic in execution behaviour.

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